| CUT...A diamond's cut is not only about its shape, | | | | the formation of a government of national unity. |
| but how effectively the stone can return light | | | | The United Nations and the Economic Community |
| back to the viewer's eye. A well-cut diamond will | | | | of West African States (ECOWAS) helped |
| appear very brilliant and fiery; while more poorly | | | | facilitate the negotiations. In resolution 1270 of |
| cut stones can appear dark and lifeless, regardless | | | | October 22, 1999, the Security Council established |
| of color or clarity. | | | | the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone |
| Color...When shopping for a diamond, it is generally | | | | (UNAMSIL) to help create the conditions in which |
| preferred to have the least amount of color | | | | the parties could implement the Agreement. |
| possible. Diamond color is divided into five broad | | | | Subsequently, the number of personnel were |
| categories: | | | | increased and tasks to be carried out by |
| Colorless: Diamonds within the colorless range are | | | | UNAMSIL adjusted by the Council in resolutions |
| the most rare and valuable of all the colors. color | | | | 1289 of February 8, 2000 and 1299 of May 19, |
| stones display virtually no color, whereas colored | | | | 2000, making UNAMSIL the second largest |
| diamonds will display a nearly undetected amount | | | | peacekeeping force currently deployed by the |
| of color when viewed face down by a gemologist. | | | | United Nations (the largest such contingent is in |
| Near Colorless: Diamonds within the near colorless | | | | the Congo. |
| range appear colorless in the face up position, but | | | | Following international concern at the role played |
| do display a slight amount of color when viewed | | | | by the illicit diamond trade in fueling conflict in |
| face down against a perfectly white background. | | | | Sierra Leone, the Security Council adopted |
| This trace amount of color will be undetectable to | | | | resolution 1306 on July 5, 2000 imposing a ban on |
| an untrained eye once the diamond has been | | | | the direct or indirect import of rough diamonds |
| mounted. Near colorless diamonds offer a | | | | from Sierra Leone not controlled by the |
| tremendous value for the money. | | | | Government of Sierra Leone through a Certificate |
| Understanding Fluorescence - How does it effect | | | | of Origin regime. An arms embargo and selective |
| a diamond? | | | | travel ban on non-governmental forces were |
| Some diamonds can display a visible light called | | | | already in effect under resolution 1171 of June 5, |
| fluorescence when exposed to an ultraviolet light | | | | 1998. |
| source. This fluorescence will be measured as | | | | On July 31, 2000 and August 1, 2000, |
| inert, faint, medium or strong. Blue fluorescence is | | | | Ambassador Anwarul Karim Chowdhury, Chairman |
| most common, however diamonds can also | | | | of the Security Council Committee established |
| fluoresce white, yellow, and orange (among other | | | | pursuant to resolution 1132 (1997) concerning |
| colors). Fluorescence usually has no effect on a | | | | Sierra Leone, presided over the first ever |
| diamonds appearance in regular light conditions. | | | | exploratory public hearing by the Security Council |
| Strong blue fluorescence can make a yellow | | | | in New York. The hearing was attended by |
| colored diamond appear more white, but in rare | | | | representatives of interested Member States, |
| cases can cause a stone to appear milky or oily. | | | | regional organizations, non-governmental |
| This milky or oily effect is called an "over blue" | | | | organizations, the diamond industry and other |
| and only applies to a small number of "strong" and | | | | relevant experts. The hearing exposed the link |
| "very strong" fluorescent stones. | | | | between the trade in illicit Sierra Leone diamonds |
| Which Color should you Choose? | | | | and trade in arms and related material. The ways |
| Most people find it very difficult (if not impossible) | | | | and means for developing a sustainable and |
| to tell the difference from one color grade to | | | | well-regulated diamond industry in Sierra Leone |
| another. The difference in price, however, can be | | | | were also discussed. |
| significant.However, you can find a tremendous | | | | As called for by resolution 1306 of July 5, 2000, |
| value while still achieving a "colorless" look. | | | | the Secretary-General, on August 2, 2000, |
| Shopping on a budget or trying to maximize the | | | | established a Panel of Experts, to collect |
| size of your stone? If so then "J" diamonds are | | | | information on possible violations of the arms |
| most affordable and still near colorless. You may | | | | embargo and the link between trade in diamonds |
| also want to consider choosing a diamond with | | | | and trade in arms and related material, consider |
| medium or strong fluorescence. Since these | | | | the adequacy of air traffic control systems in the |
| diamonds are discounted slightly in price you can | | | | West African region for the purpose of detecting |
| often afford a higher color stone without paying | | | | flights suspected of contravening the arms |
| the premium. | | | | embargo, and report to the Council with |
| Angola | | | | observations and recommendations on ways of |
| In 1998, the United Nations (UN) placed Angola | | | | strengthening the arms and diamonds embargoes |
| under sanctions forbidding countries from buying | | | | no later than October 3, 2000. The Chairman of |
| diamonds from them. This was the first resolution | | | | the Panel was Martin Chungong Ayafor |
| of the UN which specifically mentioned diamonds in | | | | (Cameroon). The other members were Atabou |
| the context of funding war. Reports estimated | | | | Bodian (Senegal), Johan Peleman (Belgium), Harjit |
| that as much as 20% of total production in the | | | | Singh Sandhu (India) and Ian Smillie (Canada). The |
| 1990s were being sold for illicit purposes, and 15% | | | | Panel submitted its report to the Security Council |
| were specifically conflict in nature.By 1999, the illicit | | | | on December 19, 2000. On January 25, 2001 the |
| diamond trade was estimated by the World | | | | Security Council, at its 4264th meeting, |
| Diamond Council to have been reduced to 3.06% | | | | considered the report of the panel of experts. |
| of the world's diamond production.The World | | | | Diamond revenues in Sierra Leone have increased |
| Diamond Council reported that by 2004 this | | | | more than tenfold since the end of the conflict, |
| percentage had fallen to approximately 1%. | | | | from $10 million in 2000 to about $130 million in |
| Angola is a former colony of Portugal and gained | | | | 2004,although from 1989 to 2003 Liberia was |
| independence in 1975. Although independent, the | | | | engaged in a civil war. In 2000, the UN accused |
| country saw civil war between the Popular | | | | Liberian president Charles G. Taylor of supporting |
| Movement for the Liberation of Angola (PMLA) | | | | the RUF insurgency in Sierra Leone with weapons |
| faction, and the National Union for the Total | | | | and training in exchange for diamonds. In 2001 the |
| Independence of Angola (UNITA) faction. During | | | | UN applied sanctions on the Liberian diamond |
| this war, diamonds were traded by rebel groups | | | | trade. In August 2003 Taylor stepped down as |
| to fund their war. The UN recognized the role that | | | | president, and after being exiled to Nigeria, now |
| diamonds played in funding the UNITA rebels, and | | | | faces trial in the Hague. On July 21, 2006 he |
| in 1998 banned countries from buying diamonds | | | | pleaded not guilty of crimes against humanity and |
| from Angola. Today Angola's civil war has ended | | | | war crimes. |
| and the country is now a legitimate part of the | | | | Liberia today is at peace and is attempting to |
| diamond trade. | | | | construct a legitimate diamond mining industry. |
| Sierra Leone | | | | The UN has lifted sanctions and Liberia is now a |
| In July 1999, following over eight years of civil | | | | member of the Kimberley process. |
| conflict, negotiations between the Government of | | | | Ok back to love and holiday blessing. |
| Sierra Leone and the Revolutionary United Front | | | | Celebrate your wedding or anniversary with a |
| led to the signing of the Lome Peace Agreement | | | | spectacular James Allen band. We offer a wide |
| under which the parties agreed to the cessation | | | | range of classic and contemporary designs as well |
| of hostilities, disarmament of all combatants and | | | | as three-stone and eternity rings. |